Box culverts under roads or railways use for bending and shear, and Load Model 2 (LM2) for local punching.
Empty culvert, backfilled to the top slab, with construction equipment surcharges acting on one side. 4. Structural Model and Analysis
), design the reinforcement using parabolic-rectangular stress blocks for concrete. The required area of tension reinforcement ( Ascap A sub s ) is derived from:
Design of concrete structures, covering strength and serviceability limits.
Box Culvert Design Calculation | PDF | Structural Load - Scribd